Caibao terminology analysis
Ruby and sapphire belong to corundum. They are two kinds of precious colored gems that are recognized in the world. Both are famous for their distinctive colors and are known as “sister gemsâ€. Ruby is red due to the presence of chrome, symbolizing passionate, pure love. When pure, sapphire is colorless, and it is colored due to impurities. It symbolizes kindness, tranquility, wisdom and loyalty. Ruby and sapphire are shiny glass to sub-gold diamond, transparent to opaque, rich in color, with a star effect, color effect, very few cats eye effect. Particularly noticeable is their starlight effect, which reflects the fascinating three beams of six star rays under the rays of light.
Famous places of production of rubies include Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Afghanistan. Sapphires are mainly produced in Kashmir, Australia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Myanmar. Due to different geological origins in different regions, rubies and sapphire produced by different estates have different characteristics.
Optimize the processing identification To identify the ruby ​​and sapphire that are optimized, the first thing to do is to understand the optimal treatment methods for rubies and sapphire, namely dyeing, filling, heat treatment, splicing gems, diffusing gems, and covering gems.
Dyeing dyes organic dyes. Dyes are often distributed in crevices, and their pleochroism may be abnormal when they are identified, and fluorescent dyes may appear under fluorescent lights. This method is an early color-changing process, and rubies are rarely found in this process at home.
Filling processing Filling processing is performed to cover the flaws of natural stones. In general, the broken parts of the stones are directly filled and processed. By injecting a substance with a refractive index similar to that of corundum, such as paraffin wax, colored oil, or synthetic resin, into a gemstone with cracks and cracks, the gemstone clarity can be improved, and the phenomenon of uneven light refraction caused by cracks can be eliminated, and at the same time, the color of the gem can be improved. the goal of. Gemstones that have undergone filling treatment may exhibit abnormal interference colors, spot marks, and slag-like deposits during magnification inspection.
Heat treatment heat treatment or roasting treatment is an optimization method. It is heated at a temperature far below the melting point of corundum to change the color of rubies and sapphire (remove noise, improve or cure high-quality colors), and increase its clarity (remove defects and increase transparency). When the heat-treated gemstones were examined in an enlarged scale, the colors were uneven or lattice-like. The inner needle-shaped and filiform inclusions became discontinuous and no longer continuous, and cracks occurred.
The merging of gems is the method of treating two or more synthetic gems and imitation gems that have been glued together to form a whole gems. Natural gems are used as crowns and synthetic gems are combined as pavilions to achieve the purpose of imitating natural stones. In the appraisal, there was a visible joint between the waist and a bubble layer between the upper and lower parts, and the truncation of the contents in the upper and lower parts was clearly observed.
Diffusion Jewel The diffusion technology of ruby ​​and sapphire is a treatment process aiming at improving the color level of gemstones, which is called penetration or surface penetration. It is a chemical method, but in the past, due to the large ion of the material used, diffusion cannot be made deep into the gemstone. Causes the color to float on the surface. At present, the most advanced diffusion technology uses a material with a smaller ion radius, which can penetrate deep into the gemstone and make the diffusion process more effective.
Coated gemstones During the Chinese jewelry industry's recent rise, it was common to see “clothing†rubies in the market, namely coated rubies. The principle is to use a different technology to cover a layer of colorless or colored film outside the cut faceted or plain ruby, which can cover the surface cracks of ruby, and can also play a role in deepening the color. At present, with the standardization of the Chinese jewelry industry, such "clothing" rubies have rarely been seen in the market.
Synthetic identification of synthetic rubies, sapphire methods are mainly flame fusion method, flux method and hydrothermal method three, which flame fusion method can produce a product with a star effect.
Synthetic ruby ​​and sapphire have the advantages of bright colors, high transparency and high clarity. Their physical properties are consistent with natural products. They have been widely used in processing industry and commerce. For example, synthetic ruby ​​with pure texture can be used as a signal for laser guidance. Parts and so on.
The main characteristics of synthetic ruby ​​are its unnatural color tone, abnormal UV fluorescence, and unusual spectral lines under the spectroscope.
Similar gems that are similar to ruby ​​are spinel, garnet, tourmaline, zircon, topaz, etc. Similar stones like sapphire are spinel, tanzanite, tourmaline, cordierite, aquamarine, zircon, Topaz and so on.
Quality Evaluation Ruby and sapphire have a wide range of evaluation systems and they have their own emphasis. At present, there are no internationally recognized evaluation systems that can be widely used. Its valuation is generally graded on the color, cut, weight, and clarity of the gem.
Color Ruby and sapphire are high-quality products with no visible cracks, inclusions, stains, and ribbons under the naked eye, and bright, pure, and transparent colors. At the same time, it is better to rotate the gems facing upwards by 180°. Those without obvious pleochroism (shown as standard cuts) are preferred.
The cutting and grinding of colored gemstones should consider factors such as the color of the gemstone, the maximum weight, and the special optical effect.
Weight Because gemstones are sold on a mass (weight) basis, the larger the gemstones are, the higher the value is, under the same conditions. This applies almost to all gemstone evaluation principles, especially for gemstones of higher value. More obvious. Ruby is very rare due to the large amount of ruby ​​development.
Clarity The influence of gem quality on quality mainly reflects the position, size and other aspects of the inclusion. In general, rubies have more cracks than sapphire, so the two cannot be equated.
Famous places of production of rubies include Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Afghanistan. Sapphires are mainly produced in Kashmir, Australia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Myanmar. Due to different geological origins in different regions, rubies and sapphire produced by different estates have different characteristics.
Optimize the processing identification To identify the ruby ​​and sapphire that are optimized, the first thing to do is to understand the optimal treatment methods for rubies and sapphire, namely dyeing, filling, heat treatment, splicing gems, diffusing gems, and covering gems.
Dyeing dyes organic dyes. Dyes are often distributed in crevices, and their pleochroism may be abnormal when they are identified, and fluorescent dyes may appear under fluorescent lights. This method is an early color-changing process, and rubies are rarely found in this process at home.
Filling processing Filling processing is performed to cover the flaws of natural stones. In general, the broken parts of the stones are directly filled and processed. By injecting a substance with a refractive index similar to that of corundum, such as paraffin wax, colored oil, or synthetic resin, into a gemstone with cracks and cracks, the gemstone clarity can be improved, and the phenomenon of uneven light refraction caused by cracks can be eliminated, and at the same time, the color of the gem can be improved. the goal of. Gemstones that have undergone filling treatment may exhibit abnormal interference colors, spot marks, and slag-like deposits during magnification inspection.
Heat treatment heat treatment or roasting treatment is an optimization method. It is heated at a temperature far below the melting point of corundum to change the color of rubies and sapphire (remove noise, improve or cure high-quality colors), and increase its clarity (remove defects and increase transparency). When the heat-treated gemstones were examined in an enlarged scale, the colors were uneven or lattice-like. The inner needle-shaped and filiform inclusions became discontinuous and no longer continuous, and cracks occurred.
The merging of gems is the method of treating two or more synthetic gems and imitation gems that have been glued together to form a whole gems. Natural gems are used as crowns and synthetic gems are combined as pavilions to achieve the purpose of imitating natural stones. In the appraisal, there was a visible joint between the waist and a bubble layer between the upper and lower parts, and the truncation of the contents in the upper and lower parts was clearly observed.
Diffusion Jewel The diffusion technology of ruby ​​and sapphire is a treatment process aiming at improving the color level of gemstones, which is called penetration or surface penetration. It is a chemical method, but in the past, due to the large ion of the material used, diffusion cannot be made deep into the gemstone. Causes the color to float on the surface. At present, the most advanced diffusion technology uses a material with a smaller ion radius, which can penetrate deep into the gemstone and make the diffusion process more effective.
Coated gemstones During the Chinese jewelry industry's recent rise, it was common to see “clothing†rubies in the market, namely coated rubies. The principle is to use a different technology to cover a layer of colorless or colored film outside the cut faceted or plain ruby, which can cover the surface cracks of ruby, and can also play a role in deepening the color. At present, with the standardization of the Chinese jewelry industry, such "clothing" rubies have rarely been seen in the market.
Synthetic identification of synthetic rubies, sapphire methods are mainly flame fusion method, flux method and hydrothermal method three, which flame fusion method can produce a product with a star effect.
Synthetic ruby ​​and sapphire have the advantages of bright colors, high transparency and high clarity. Their physical properties are consistent with natural products. They have been widely used in processing industry and commerce. For example, synthetic ruby ​​with pure texture can be used as a signal for laser guidance. Parts and so on.
The main characteristics of synthetic ruby ​​are its unnatural color tone, abnormal UV fluorescence, and unusual spectral lines under the spectroscope.
Similar gems that are similar to ruby ​​are spinel, garnet, tourmaline, zircon, topaz, etc. Similar stones like sapphire are spinel, tanzanite, tourmaline, cordierite, aquamarine, zircon, Topaz and so on.
Quality Evaluation Ruby and sapphire have a wide range of evaluation systems and they have their own emphasis. At present, there are no internationally recognized evaluation systems that can be widely used. Its valuation is generally graded on the color, cut, weight, and clarity of the gem.
Color Ruby and sapphire are high-quality products with no visible cracks, inclusions, stains, and ribbons under the naked eye, and bright, pure, and transparent colors. At the same time, it is better to rotate the gems facing upwards by 180°. Those without obvious pleochroism (shown as standard cuts) are preferred.
The cutting and grinding of colored gemstones should consider factors such as the color of the gemstone, the maximum weight, and the special optical effect.
Weight Because gemstones are sold on a mass (weight) basis, the larger the gemstones are, the higher the value is, under the same conditions. This applies almost to all gemstone evaluation principles, especially for gemstones of higher value. More obvious. Ruby is very rare due to the large amount of ruby ​​development.
Clarity The influence of gem quality on quality mainly reflects the position, size and other aspects of the inclusion. In general, rubies have more cracks than sapphire, so the two cannot be equated.
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