The difference between agate and chalcedony is different from agate and chalcedony
The chemical composition of agate and chalcedony is the same, that is, silicon dioxide: SiO2, which is some form of ultra-fine crystal or cryptocrystalline quartz. This crystal is extremely small and can only be used with a naked eye under a high power microscope. visible. The umma and chalcedony hardness (Mohs) is 7, some chalcedony can reach 8, the density is 2.65-2.66, and the refractive index is 1.544-1.553. In the market, people use a quartz block that is transparent and has only one color, that is, a structure without a belt, called chalcedony.
1. Onyx
The typical ring-like structure is very popular and there are many things that are enhanced in color. Pay attention when buying.
2, stalked agate
Wrapped onyx is known for its elegant design, and Mexico is one of the first places to produce this ingredient. Many of these materials are made into men's products such as men's rings, which are very tasteful.
3, dendritic, moss and feathery agate
These agates have one thing in common, they all contain mineral elements of any color, but have a rough tree or dendritic pattern. Relatively speaking, those that look more like plants or feathers are called moss or feathery agate.
Chalcedony
As long as it is a color of translucent cryptocrystalline quartz, it is called chalcedony. The classification of chalcedony is based on the difference in color. The similarities and differences of this color are caused by metallic impure substances in the hidden microcrystals, such as iron, nickel, copper and titanium. There are quite a lot of chalcedony, and here are three kinds of common ones, namely red chalcedony, blue chalcedony and green chalcedony.
1, carnelian
It is the most common and most common, and it is the cheapest chalcedony in the chalcedony family. Its color is yellow, orange to rich orange, and some even reddish brown. The permeability can range from almost opaque to highly translucent, and the cheap red chalcedony sold on the market is baked.
There is a reason for the conventional staining of carnelian marrow: one reason is that the red jade marrow of natural color is rare, and the other more important reason is that the color of the carnelian is easy to handle. The red color of the red chalcedony is caused by the oxidation of iron in the stone. Generally, as long as the stone is properly grilled, a rich red color can be obtained. Of course, there are problems with the level of barbecue technology during this period, and sometimes even the stone directly exposed to strong sunlight can strengthen the red color of chalcedony!
Of course, in addition to baking color, the red chalcedony also has dyeing. In order to obtain a certain color effect, there are many dyed red chalcedony. There are many dyed chalcedony on the market today. At present, the most famous origin of the world's red chalcedony is India, of course, mostly baked.
If the color of the carnelian is as common as the above, it will definitely bring a headache to collectors who only pursue natural primary colors: how to distinguish the color of the baking and the natural color?
In general, the chalcedony of the enhanced color is more boring than the chalcedony of the natural primary color, and lacks agility. This is a change in the structural characteristics of the stone of chalcedony. The color medium of the stone is a citrate, layered structure with the property of absorbing and excluding water. When the chalcedony is heated, the stone is dry and dehydrated, and the permeability and gloss are reduced. Roasted chalcedony, although the color is eye-catching, can really lose the agility of the natural primary color, looks dull.
The principle is this, but in practical applications, you will still encounter problems, sometimes difficult to distinguish from photos, most of them still have to get started.
For example, you will find that the pair in the picture below is much clearer than the pair in the picture above. In fact, the picture below is the enhanced color. The above picture is for the natural primary color, the price is much more expensive than the one below.
2, blue chalcedony
There are all kinds of blue, and each color has its own fans. It is generally named after the origin of the color system. The blue color is deep and light, and some blues have varying degrees of gray or pink tones. The colors of the blue family are varied, from almost colorless to very positive blue. The blue is generally very elegant and deep, much like sapphire. The degree of transparency is also varied.
Blue rough
At present, the blue chalcedony circulating in the market is mostly dyed blue chalcedony, and a small amount of blue jade marrow of natural primary color is also sold, but the price is too high. There are only two kinds of dark blue and blue texts, and Taiwan's Hailan knows a lot of people, but unfortunately almost all are dyed. Artificially dyed blue chalcedony, said to be a cobalt dye:
Stained specimen
The difference between natural primary colors and stained specimens. First of all, the natural color map of the dark blue, the purple color in the dark blue, and the color of each one is slightly different.
3, green chalcedony
At present, there are several places of green chalcedony in the world, but only one place in the state of Wales in Australia is dominant in quality. Although there is no fear of depletion of resources in this area, the green chalcedony is still the most valuable one among the chalcedony family. Status.
A long time ago, because of the scarcity of such mineral resources, many traders in the world often used color nickel or chromium salts (both are green mediators) to dye colorless quartz stone green as green chalcedony. The good news is that the most common green dyes are chromium salts, which can be detected with Charles mirrors. Those similar to the high green emerald green chalcedony can be certificated, indicating whether the stone has been treated or not.
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